DR Bank A
CR Tunai/Modal
Penanam modal mengeluarkan/menarik modal
DR Modal
CR Cash/Bank
Jualan barang perniagaan/stok perniagaan :
DR Tunai/Bank/Siberhutang
CR Jualan
Jualan harta tetap :
DR Tunai/Bank/Siberhutang
CR Jualan harta tetap
Jualan harta bukan tetap :
DR Tunai/Bank/Siberhutanng
CR Jualan lain-lain
Belian stok :
DR Stok
CR Tunai/Bank/Pemiutang
Belian harta tetap :
DR Harta tetap
CR Tunai/Bank/Pemiutang
Belian harta bukan tetap :
DR Harta bukan tetap
CR Tunai/Bank/Pemiutang
Bayar deposit sewa beli harta tetap :
DR Deposit sewa beli
CR Tunai/Bank
Bila perjanjian sewa beli termetrai :
DR Harta tetap
CR Pemiutang sewa beli-pokok
DR Faedah sewa beli-saspen
CR Pemiutang sewa beli-faedah
DR Pemiutang sewa beli-pokok
CR Deposit sewa beli
Penjernelan sewa beli bulanan :
DR Faedah sewa beli
CR Faedah sewa beli-saspen
Bila buat bayaran bulanan sewa beli :
DR Pemiutang sewa beli-pokok
DR Pemiutang sewa beli-faedah
CR Tunai/Bank
Susutnilai bulanan :
DR Susutnilai
CR Susutnilai terkumpul
Jual harta tetap yang disusutnilai
DR Susutnilai terkumpul
CR Jualan harta tetap
DR Jualan harta tetap
CR Harta tetap (kos)
DR Tunai/Bank/Siberhutang DR Rugi jualan harta tetap (jika rugi) CR Jualan harta tetap CR Untung jualan harta tetap (jika untung)
Bayar deposit
DR Deposit Dibayar
Terima semula deposit
DR Tunai/Bank/Pemiutang
Terima/Ambil deposit
DR Tunai/Bank/Siberhutang
Deposit dipulangkan
DR Deposit diterima
Double Entry For Closing Stock
It is assumed that Closing Stock figures are derived from a separate system.
One closing stock figure will appear in two statements, namely Profit & Loss (under Cost of Sale category) and Balance Sheet (under Current Assets category). So, in the ACCOUNT-DEBIT column, enter the account name of the closing stock which will go to the Current Assets category in the Balance Sheet. In the ACCOUNT-CREDIT column, enter the account name of the closing stock which will go to the Cost of Sale category in the Profit & Loss statement. Thus you need two accounts for the same stock figure, e.g. C/S-RAW MATERIAL-CA will go to Current Assets while C/S-RAW MATERIAL-COSA will go to Cost of Sale.
Similarly, your chart of accounts in the sheet TB must contain these two accounts. This double entry somewhat differs from the common treatment of Closing Stock. However, due to the way the closing stock figure is to be captured into the Balance Sheet and Profit & Loss statement, this unique way of handling is required.
Usually, we segregate closing stock into 3 categories i.e. RAW MATERIAL, FINISHED PRODUCT and SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCT. So, the double entries would be:
DR: RAW MATERIAL-CA
DR: FINISHED PRODUCT-CA
DR: SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCT-CA
CR: RAM MATERIAL-COSA
CR: FINISHED PRODUCT-COSAC
R: SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCT-COSA
Double Entry For Payroll
Payroll items are usually segregated into 3 parts: Employee's Salary, Employer's EPF contribution and Employer's Socso contribution.
For Employee's salary, the journal entry typically looks like this:
DR: Basic salary $50,000
DR: Allowance $20,000
DR: Overtime $10,000
CR: EPF deduction $5,000
CR: Socso deduction $1,000
CR: Loan deduction-Staff A $1,000
CR: Lateness deduction-$500
CR: Income tax deduction $2000
CR: Net salary payable. $70,500
In this file, the treatment is slightly different but the principle is the same. For each item, it is pitted against the Net Salary Payable account. So, the entry in the sheet DATA will look like this:
DR: Basic salary $50,000
DR: Allowance $20,000
DR: Overtime $10,000
DR: Net Salary Payable $5,000
DR: Net Salary payable $1,000
DR: Net Salary payable $1,000
DR: Net Salary payable $500
CR: Net Salary Payable $(50,000)
CR: Net Salary Payable $(20,000)
CR: Net Salary Payable $(10,000)
CR: EPF deduction $(5,000)
CR: Socso deduction $(1,000)
CR: Loan deduction-Staff A $(1,000)
CR: Lateness deduction-$(500)
CR: Income tax deduction $(2,000)
DR: Net Salary payable $2,000
For, Employer's EPF contribution, the journal entry typically looks like this:
DR: EPF-Employer (expense account)
CR: EPF Payable
For, Employer's SOCSO contribution, the journal entry typically looks like this:
DR: SOCSO-Employer (Expense account)
CR: 50CSO Payable
Double Entry For Petty Cash Receipts
For each petty cash receipt transaction, it must be pitted against the Petty Cash account. For example, if a transaction is a receipt of staff loan repayment, the entry in the sheet DATA is:
DR: Petty Cash
CR: Staff Loan-Mr X.
Sometimes, one petty cash receipt may involve more than 2 accounts. For example:
DR: Petty Cash $55.00
CR: Staff B Loan $(50.00)
CR: Interest-Staff Loan $(5.00)
In this case, we need 2 rows to accommodate 2 credit entries. Then, split the Debit amount into 2 amounts to match the number of credit amounts, i.e.:
DR: Petty Cash $50.00
DR: Petty Cash $5.00
CR: Staff B Loan $(50.00)
CR: Interest-Staff Loan $(5.00)
Double Entry For Petty Cash Payments
For each petty cash payment transaction, it must be pitted against the Petty cash account For example, if a transaction is a payment for medicine, the entry in the sheet DATA is
DR: Medicine
CR: Petty Cash.
Similarly, a petty cash payment may sometimes involve more than one account. For example:
DR: Stationery $50.00
DR: Medical $40.00
CR: Petty Cash $(90.00)
Double Entry For Bank Receipts
For each bank receipt transaction, it must be pitted against the bank account. For example, if a transaction is a receipt by Bank A for sale of wastage, the entry in the sheet DATA is:
DR: Bank A $20,000.00
CR: Sale of wastage $(20,000.00)
Sometimes, one bank receipt may involve more than 2 accounts. For example:
DR: Bank A $5,000.00
CR: Customer A $(4,500.00)
CR: Annual Dinner contribution $(500.00)
Double Entry For Bank Payments
For each bank payment transaction, it must be pitted against the bank account. For example, if a transaction is a payment for stationery by Bank A, the entry in the sheet DATA is:
DR: Stationery $200.00
CR: Bank A $(200.00)
Sometimes, one bank payment may involve more than two accounts.
Stating Bank Payment - Buy assets - local
Stating Bank Payment - Buy assets - foreign
Stating Bank Payment - Pay accrual
Stating Bank Payment - buy Investment - local
Stating Bank Payment - buy Investment - foreign
Stating Bank Payment - return of overpayment - local
Stating Bank Payment - return of overpayment - foreign
Receiving bill - from supplier - local
Receiving bill - from supplier - foreign
Receiving bill - for service - local
Receiving bill - for service - foreign
Issuing bill - to customer - local
Issuing bill - to customer - foreign
Issuing bill - for service - local
Issuing bill - for service - foreign
Stating Contra - cash to bank
Stating Contra - bank to cash
Stating Stock in
Stating Stock out
Accruing expenses
Making provision for expenses
Making provision for depreciation
Making provision for income
Making provision for diminution in value of asset
Making provision for increase in value of asset
Making provision for diminution in value of investment
Making provision for increase in value of investment
Stating Journal adjustments
Making adjustment for realised loss in foreign exchange due to payment
Making adjustment for realised profit in foreign exchange due to payment
Making adjustment for unrealised loss in foreign exchange due to receipt
Making adjustment for untealised profit in foreign exchange due to receipt
Making adjustment for unrealised loss in foreign exchange due to foreign creditor balance at year end
Making adjustment for unrealised profit in foreign exchange due to foreign creditor balance at year end
Making adjustment for unrealised loss in foreign exchange due to foreign debtor balance at year end
Making adjustment for untealised profit in foreign exchange due to foreign debtor balance at year end
Making adjustment for unrealised loss in value of investment at year end
Making adjustment for unrealised profit in value of investment at year end
Making adjustment for unrealised loss in sale of foreign investment
Making adjustment for unrealised profit in sale of foreign investment
Making adjustment for unrealised loss in sale of local asset
Making adjustment for unrealised profit in sale of foreign asset
For example:
DR: Stationery $50.00
DR: Medical $40.00
CR: Bank A $(90.00)
